阅读英语一问答选择题知识点总汇
Compiled by Spencer Xuan, Fudan University
复习提示：
1. 在使用总汇之前，大家应首先把课文练习当中已包含True/False 的习题先复习一遍，因为总汇不包括此部分内容。
2. 虽然总汇的量还是较大，但建议大家还是通读一遍，至少这样比通读原文效率更高。而且熟悉课文主要情节是阅读一通过的生命线，大家一定要耐心！两周的时间看完总汇足够了！
3. 总汇是以填空题的形式出现的，但并不是要求大家去背诵划线部分的内容，而是要求大家熟悉划线部分的重要知识点，以防在选择题当中出现。
4. 可能会出问答题的部分会用蓝色重点标出，这一部分请大家重点记忆。但现在阅读一问答题出得很细，从近两年来看，只要是课后列出的问答题，即使比较偏，也有被考过的，因此大家对其他部分也要注意。
5. 列出的部分知识点可能在往年已经考察过， 但大家一样需要掌握，因为这一部分重点可能以不同的形式再加以考察。
6. 建议大家对总汇先通读两遍，划出自己特别陌生的部分，用于考前两三天突击强化。从四月起的临考的最后半个月当中，大家复习时，除了记忆总汇，每天应用一个半小时的时间做七篇阅读的强化训练[考试当中大家会连读七篇阅读理解，所以最好提前适应一下]，材料可重复使用课后的speed reading 或借用大英四级的阅读题。
7. 同学转载请注明出处。
8． 最后预祝大家考试成功！有任何问题欢迎大家来信：xspencer@21cn.com
正文部分：
Lesson One
1. Della was proud of her beautiful hair flowing like a golden river whereas Jim was proud of a gold watch without chain.
2. Della sold her hair to buy a chain which went with her husband’s watch.
3. Jim was surprised when he saw Della because he bought her a set of combs with jewels but Della’s hair was gone.
4. The title Gifts of Magi originally refers to the gifts which the Magi brought to Jesus Christ on the first Christmas of all Christmases. Here it is used to indicate the gifts Della and Jim chose for each other were sign of real love, since they both gave up for each other his or her greatest treasure.
Lesson Two
1. Cohabitation, which has been considered scandalous before, has now become an acceptable living arrangement.
2. People are choosing cohabitation rather than marriage because
Firstly, it provides a chance for shared life without a shared bank account, and people can enjoy companionship without paying the tax penalty that marriage brings.
Secondly, living together offers the same level of commitment in someone’s eyes.
Lastly, cohabitation provides more personal space and makes people more independent.
3. The disadvantages of cohabitation are that marriages that begin in cohabitation might break up; cohabitation partners are less committed each other than married couples.
4. David Popenoe was neither in disapproval of cohabitation nor in favor of it, since he said we can’t go back to a society where people don’t have sex or living together at all before marriage, nor do we want to go back to one where people are matched up at 20 for life.
Lesson Three
1. The Decameron, written 14th century, is a collection of 100 stories told by 10 young men and women at the house party within 10 days. The stories are strung together by the King.
2. Lisabetta’s brother decided not to make her love affair known and chose to murder her lover since it was a suitable chance for them to wipe away the shame without damage or dishonor to themselves.
3. Lisabetta leaned that her lover was killed, because one night in her dream, Lorenzo appeared, pale and unkempt, told her all about the story.
Lesson Four
1. Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales in 14th century.
2. Canterbury was the holy site where the cathedral lay in medieval century.
3. The young knight who broke the law was not put to death because the Queen her ladies begged mercy for him from the King.
4. The knight was told to find out the answer to the question, ”What does a woman want most of all?” and in the end a fairy disguised as an old ugly woman told him the right answer.
5. According to the ugly old woman, beauty is only on the outside; the face becomes old but heart is always young.
6. In Wife of Bath’s tale, men were advised to do what their wives tell them to do and not to be too careful with their money.
Lesson Five
1. Pardoners in the Middle Ages were those licensed to forgive men for any evil they had done buy selling them pardons.
2. The them of The Pardoner’s Tale is that love of money is the cause of all evil.
3. The young man who went to the town for food and drink managed to get a small bottle of poison by lying that he needed poison to kill rats.
4. Death in the story could be regarded as the guardian of justice.
Lesson Six
1. The king in the story was barbaric, loud and gruff, lacing the grace and polish his neighbor had.
2. The arena he built was to widen and develop the mental energies of his people. It was a large amphitheatre with encircling galleries, mysterious vaults and unseen passages.
3. If a tiger came out of one door, the accused would be torn to pieces as a punishment for his guilt, and great wails went up for mourners posted outside. If a lady came out, the accused was to marry her immediately, and musicians, singers and dancers would celebrate the wedding for them.
4. The daughter was as passionate, as fanciful, and strong as her father.
Lesson Seven
1. The theme of The Necklace is that vanity can lead to the ruin of a person’s life.
2. Mathilde was the kind of women who as by a mistake of destiny, had no means of being known by any rich and distinguished man.
3. When she saw her maid doing housework, she had a despairing regret, and longed for all the delicacies and luxuries.
4. Her husband one day bought for her the invitation to a ministerial ball, toward which she showed disdain and distraction.
5. She got the necklace from her former schoolmate at the convent, Mme. Forestier.
6. Describe Mme. Loisel’s time at the ball.
She was a great success. She was prettier than them all, elegant, gracious, and crazy with joy. All the men asked about her, wanting to be introduced. All the attaches of the Cabinet wanted to waltz with her, even the minister himself.
7. When they found the necklace, they were thunderstruck, and went everywhere looking for it.
8. How did they repay the debts?
They spent ten years making it. Over the years, she was changed into a tough housewife, familiar with all kinds of heavy housework. Her husband worked in the evening as a bookkeeper and copied manuscripts for people late at night. Each month they paid off some old debts, renewed others and made some new ones.
9. When they met ten years later, Mme. Loisel told Mme. Forestier the entire story, but the later simply told her the “diamond necklace” was paste.
Lesson Eight
1. The Flounder was an enchanted prince.
2. When the fisherman first went to the sea, it was yellow and green, no longer so smooth. Later, it gradually turned into purple and dark blue, even smelling putrid, with the fisherman’s wife becoming greedier, until in the end it surged with crests of white foam and a great storm raged across it.[这道题课后已列出，虽然比较偏，但还是建议大家留意]
3. The greedy woman went back the pig-sty.
4. The moral of the story is that greediness can drive a person crazy.
Lesson Nine
1. A moral is a lesson we can learn form. A fable is story with a moral, with animals and insects as leading roles, usually reflecting ourselves.
2. Aesop was a fabler in 6th BC, who used to be a slave.
3. The monkey in the first story tried to chase away a fly which always landed on the nose of the old man.
4. The moral of the first story is that sometimes we do harm to friends since we do things too quickly without thinking.
5. The monkey in the second story tangled with his net and even got drowned.
6. The moral of the second story is that we shouldn’t fool around with things we don’t understand.
7. The moral of the story about the fox and the crow is that it does us no good to listen to too much flattery.
8. “Sour grape” means the fact that people often speak ill of what they cannot get.
9. The grasshopper did nothing but play and thing in summer.
10. The moral of the story concerning grasshopper is that we should use good times to prepare for the bad.
Lesson Ten
1. Mark Twain’s novels include The Adventures of Tome Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
2. Wheeler was an old man who would bore his visitors with terribly long and useless tales.
3. Smiley was the kind of guy who would bet on anything he could.
4. Similey’s dog looked like a common thief and he always won by grabbing the other dog by the hind legs and freezing them.
5. Describe the story of the jumping frog Daniel.
Smiley trained Daniel to outjump any frog in Calaveras County. Once a stranger came, offering to bet with Smiley on Daniel. When Smiley left to find a rival for Daniel, the stranger fed Daniel a couple of ounces of whiskey. As a result, in the competition, Daniel couldn’t jump at all as if his feet were glued to the floor. Later Smiley found Daniel belched up a lot liquor and began to chase after the stranger who got his money.
Lesson Eleven
课后问答题全为开放式讨论体，不太可能会出问答题，认真看好p184的true/false 即可
补充问题：
How can parents find out what is normal in physical, mental and social development?
Parents can find out what is normal in physical, mental and social development, by referring to some of the many books based on scientific knowledge in these areas, by comparing notes with friends and relatives who have children.
Lesson Twelve
1. Ernest Hemingway’s novels include The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old Man and the Sea.
2. The hunting scene is used to divert the reader so that the boy’s real thoughts will be a greater surprise when they are revealed.
3. A day’s wait actually means the brave boy waited the coming of death, since he thought he was going to die.
4. The theme of the story is showing courage in the face of death.
5. The story is built around the misunderstanding between the father and his little son. List some examples.
a. When the boy said to his father,” You don’t have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you.”, father replied, ”It doesn’t bother me.” Actually the intention of the boy is that he was afraid his father might be infected with the disease, whereas father’s words implies as a father, he had the duty to take care of a sick child.
b. After the father learned the boy’s body temperature was 102.4, he said, ”Take it easy.”, and the boy replied, ”I’m taking it easy.” In fact, father’s words mean you only have a slight fever and you needn’t worry about it, whereas the boy wanted to remind his father he had tried his best to show his courage in the face of death.
6. The boy evidently mistook the Fahrenheit scale for the Celsius one.
Lesson Thirteen
1. Collis P. Ellsworth made his doctors very worried because recently he bought companies at very high prices, only to watch them fail or go bankrupt.
2. Ellsworth’s second drawing was better since it had a slight resemblance to a vase.
3. Ellsworth showed tremendous interest in the art galleries and the painters who exhibited in them when he visited museums and galleries.
4. “Trees Dressed in White” resembled a handful of salad dressing thrown violently against the side of a house.
5. Lathrop Gallery was the biggest art exhibition of the year.
6. The final twist of the story is that “Trees Dressed in White” was awarded the first prize since he bought the Lathrop Gallery.
Lesson Fourteen
课后问答题全为开放式讨论体，不太可能会出问答题，认真看好p228的true/false 即可
补充问题：
Who tends to become wealthy?
The average person with a high net worth is usually a businessman who has lived all his adult life in the same town. He owns a small business, is still married and lives in a middle-class neighborhood. He is a compulsive saver and investor. And he has made money on his own.
Lesson Fifteen
1. Rip Van Wrinkle hated profitable labor, but he was not lazy because he was always willing to help his neighbor, even with the roughest sort of labor.
2. When Rip quarreled with his wife, most people sided with him, since Rip was good-natured and agreeable whereas his wife was sharp-tongued.
3. When Rip entered the hollow, he saw a group of odd-looking persons dressed in a most unusual fashion playing ninepins.
4. Rip gradually felt asleep because he took one taste after another from the keg of the liquor.
5. The story took place before the outbreak of Independence War.
Lesson Sixteen
1. Rip realized he had been away from home for a long time because he didn’t know the people he met with and their clothes were of a different fashion.
2. When people saw Rip, they lifted their hands to touch their chins and children ran at his heels, for his beard was a foot longer than before.
3. What kind of independence did Pip have upon his return to the village?
He had the kind of independence from a sharp-tongued wife. He could go in and out whenever he pleased. And he had arrives at the happy age when no one blames a man for being idle. There he was respected as one of the old men of the village; who could tell stories about the old times before the war.
4. The crowd got angry when Rip said that he was a loyal subject of the King, for at that time the country was under the leadership of George Washington.
Lesson Seventeen
1. How did Miriam get caught?
Tobe Barksdale, the owner of the computer shack observed what Miriam did on a master tape and reported his findings to the police. So after Miriam carried out her plan, she arrived home only to find policemen waiting in her living room to arrest her for fraud and bank robbery.
Lesson Eighteen
1. At the beginning of the story, we knew the two men planned to break into the room, for they approached the room stealthily.
2. They concluded that the family had been away, for in the living room everything was covered by sheets and dust lay like a snow over everything.
3. The two thieves abandoned their car because they ran over a policeman.
4. In their suitcase neatly lay nearly three hundred thousand dollars.
5. They bought an in conspicuous car at the used car lots.
6. Explain Hogan’s plan to get the money back.
At first, he consulted the telephone directory and found out Mr. Rogers’ number. Then he phoned Mr. Rogers and asked him to assist the police. Next his companion and he disguised respectively as sergeant and detective went to Mr. Rogers’ place and fetched the suitcase from the cellar.
Lesson Nineteen
1. The old lady didn’t like to have the door locked because if she rang for the doorman she didn’t want to have to come and open the door.
2. The old woman kept playing a knitting needle when she talked to the young man.
3. The young man at first hesitated to use force on the old lady, but he dreamt too long of this to back away now.
4. The young man learnt the old lady had a box full of jewels for he overheard the servant of the lady talking to her friend about it in a cafe.
5. How did the inspector finally find out who the thief was?
When the old lady was talking to the young man, she recorded his major features by pushing the point of her knitting needle into a piece of paper in front of her. The pin holes actually were arranged in Braille, which later informed the police about who the murder really was. Therefore, after the old lady died, the inspector found the paper and knew everything.
Lesson Twenty
1. The title means if you only had three days to see, what you would most want your gaze rest upon. The author wrote the essay to remind us to make better use of our faculty.
2. According to the author, many people take a listless attitude toward life because when we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable; we never think of it, and the days stretch out in an endless vista; therefore we go about petty task without vigor and keenness of appreciation.
Lesson Twenty-one
1. George was misled by his watch when he got up in the morning, for he forgot to wind it up before sleep.
2. His watch was still going when he consulted it again for the shaking it had received in being thrown down on the bed had started it.
3, George went back home again he was unable to get to sleep, so he played himself a game of chess, tried to read and later went out for a stroll.
4. The police began to be suspicious of George because he got to slinking down the by-streets and hiding in dark doorways when he heard the regulation flip-flop approaching.
5. George began to feel as if he really had done something since the police he met treated him with evident suspicion and turned their lanterns on him and followed him about.
6. In what state of mind was George in the end?
In the end, George was in a morbidly nervous state. When he tried to make breakfast, he made great noise so that he was in mortal fear that it would wake up the landlady. He even imagined the landlady calling for the police, his being sent to the court, then sentenced to jail and even his mother dying of a broken heart.
Lesson Twenty-two
1. By the terrible picture of the striking contrast between these two classes the author intended to tell us the division of social classes will never become extinct no matter how science and technology develops.
2. The human beings are described in the story as divided into two distinct classes. What are they like?
In the story, the world has been divided between Eloi, the ruling class, and the Morlocks, the working class.
The Eloi, who inhabit the surface of the earth, are fragile, friendly, cooperative but lazy, they are freed from struggle for existence after achieving the goal of civilization.
The Morlocks, who clamber about in the darkness of underground tunnels, are fierce and obscene, and they live on Eloi meat, their savagery keep the Eloi in mortal terror of the day these servants will revolt.
Lesson Twenty-three
1. What was cause of American Revolution?
For one thing, the colonies had grown stronger and were in less need of British support.
For another, people in them thought the British government control them and restrict their liberties on purpose.
2. The Untied States needed a federal government after it won its independence for a general government could attend to matters that the states could not deal with effectively.
3. 美国的三权分立现象虽已考过问答题，但建议大家还是看一下教材p390第3题相关部分
4. How has the Constitution of the United States kept up with changing needs and ideas and managed to survive for more than two centuries?
The Constitution has been able to survive for such long time since it constantly adjusts itself to the needs of a changing society. The changes have been made in two ways--- by formal amendment and by interpretation of the Supreme Court.
By amendments Americans have thought to overcome the defects in the Constitution. By court action, the interpretations of the Constitution have been broadened, upheld or forbidden by court decisions.
Lesson Twenty-four
1. In the nineteenth century, Britain favored Germany as long as France threatened her interests in Africa. In the early twentieth century, Germany grew so strong that Britain mistrusted any more she began to openly make friends with France.
2. The Labor party took office in 1924 but was soon out of office because they tried to make friends with Communist Russia.
3. Britain suffered immense losses at the beginning of the Second World War because she believed Hitler’s false promise of peace and was not armed in readiness for the war.
4. What did people say about Winston Churchill’s role in the Second World War?
Britain’s triumph was in a large part owed to Churchill.
For one thing, he made repairs to the country’s defense. He formed a Home Guard which was formed by citizens who were armed in readiness for any enemy attack. It was under his leadership that Royal Air Force defeated Germany army.
For another, his stirring speeches gave hope and courage to the nation, enlisting help and support from other countries.
5. How did British Empire turn itself into a commonwealth of independent members?
When the war was over, many countries inside the Empire demanded their independence, and British accepted their right. Gradually, she carried out the programs to help the country to stand on their own feet, thus changing the Empire into a common wealth to free and equal members.
Lesson Twenty-three
1. What was cause of American Revolution?
For one thing, the colonies had grown stronger and were in less need of British support.
For another, people in them thought the British government control them and restrict their liberties on purpose.
2. The Untied States needed a federal government after it won its independence for a general government could attend to matters that the states could not deal with effectively.
3. 美国的三权分立现象虽已考过问答题，但建议大家还是看一下教材p390第3题相关部分
4. How has the Constitution of the United States kept up with changing needs and ideas and managed to survive for more than two centuries?
The Constitution has been able to survive for such long time since it constantly adjusts itself to the needs of a changing society. The changes have been made in two ways--- by formal amendment and by interpretation of the Supreme Court.
By amendments Americans have thought to overcome the defects in the Constitution. By court action, the interpretations of the Constitution have been broadened, upheld or forbidden by court decisions.
Lesson Twenty-four
1. In the nineteenth century, Britain favored Germany as long as France threatened her interests in Africa. In the early twentieth century, Germany grew so strong that Britain mistrusted any more she began to openly make friends with France.
2. The Labor party took office in 1924 but was soon out of office because they tried to make friends with Communist Russia.
3. Britain suffered immense losses at the beginning of the Second World War because she believed Hitler’s false promise of peace and was not armed in readiness for the war.
4. What did people say about Winston Churchill’s role in the Second World War?
Britain’s triumph was in a large part owed to Churchill.
For one thing, he made repairs to the country’s defense. He formed a Home Guard which was formed by citizens who were armed in readiness for any enemy attack. It was under his leadership that Royal Air Force defeated Germany army.
For another, his stirring speeches gave hope and courage to the nation, enlisting help and support from other countries.
5. How did British Empire turn itself into a commonwealth of independent members?
When the war was over, many countries inside the Empire demanded their independence, and British accepted their right. Gradually, she carried out the programs to help the country to stand on their own feet, thus changing the Empire into a common wealth to free and equal members.
Lesson Twenty-six
1. The story of Prometheus comes form Greek Myths.
2. Is there anything in common between the Bible stories and Greek myths?
In both stories, man was created first, whose image resembled that of God.
3. Zeus was angry with Prometheus for he gave men the final gift of fire. Zeus was a dictator, for his desire for power went beyond limits and he had destroyed many of the older gods.
4. P457/问答题第4题：
The secret was that Zeus, if he made a certain marriage, he would become the father of a son mightier that himself. For this he went through a lot suffering. His body was shattered and broken by the thunderbolt and lightning. Zeus sent a hound to feed on his liver and the pain was repeated everyday. He kept the secret because he wanted to be released from the bond and restore his honor. Later he revealed the secret after Heracles slew the hound and he was set free.
Lesson Twenty-seven
1. Novial and some other artificial languages, and English as well failed to become good international language because they excluded non-indo-European readers.
2. Chinese can’t become an international language because Chinese alphabet is not an alphabet at all and its characters represent ideas and not sounds.
提示：本篇文章给大家的表格请补充过来牢记
Lesson Twenty-nine
1. How did Frances react to Michael’s confession about his true feelings?
At first she cried and complained that one day Michael would make a move to leave her. Then she stopped crying and begged Michel not to talk about how pretty those women were.
Lesson Thirty
1. In what ways the story is humorous? In what ways would you it is ironic?
The story is humorous because Milton used his computer to find true live. The story is ironic because his computer took instead of him to become the girl’s lover.
Lesson Thirty-one
1. Jane lived with her aunt and cousins. She wasn’t happy because her aunt dismissed her from them and even ill-treated her.
2. Jane Eyre was punished because she struck John Reed, who hit her with a book. She was locked in the red room, where her uncle died.
3. What did she think about being locked in the red room? What happened to her in the end?
In the red room, she thought that Mr. Reed’s ghost might appear, since his last wish was disregarded. She felt scared and begged her aunt to take her out. Having been refused, her head finally began to swim and in the end she lost consciousness.
4. Bessie told a lie when asked about Jane’s illness for she didn’t want to offend Mrs. Reed.
5. Jane’s grandfather left her mother nothing because she married Jane’s father, which was against his wish.
Lesson Thirty-two
1. Mrs. Reed came to see Jane the night before she left Gateshead and told Jane not to disturb them in the morning and to remember that they had been best friends.
2. Cite some examples to show Jane’s character. [参见lesson33/第1题]
3. What was the life like at Lowood Orphanage?
The life at Lowood was both hard and strict.
The life was hard, for example, every six girls had to share one basin, and the porridge was often burnt.
The life was strict, for instance, girls had to go to the classroom in line; and they had to get up very early to read the Bible.
Lesson Thirty-three
1. List examples to make a comparison between the character of Jane and that of Helen.
For one thing, Jane was emotional whereas Helen was tolerant. For example, Jane would even tremble with anger at the sight of others’ being insulted, while Helen said the good try was to love enemies and bless those who curse them.
For another, Jane was delicate in mind whereas Helen was determined. When Jane was openly insulted, she would rather do nothing but die. However, Helen said it was weak and silly for one to say that he cannot bear what was necessary to bear.
2. Jane was punished because Mr. Brocklehurst said she was a deceitful child. She was forced to stand on a chair, and Mr. Brocklehurst told teachers and students to avoid her company and not to talk with her.
3. How did Miss Temple help clear Jane of the charges against her?
At first she came to see Jane in person and allowed her to defend herself. After that, she wrote to Mr. Lloyd to prove Jane’s words true. In the end, she called the school and declared that Jane was cleared.
When Jane learnt that Helen was very ill, she experienced a shock of horror, then a strong feeling of sorrow, and then a desire to see her.
Lesson Thirty-four
1. Shakespeare’s masterpieces include A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, The Tempest, Julius Caesar, Henry IV, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth, and Timon of Athens.
2. The Merchant of Venice is classified as a comedy.
Lesson Thirty-five
1. We use the term ”Shylock” to refer to those hard-hearted moneylenders.
2. Describe briefly how Portia conducted herself in the courtroom.
At first wearing the counselor’s robe, Portia disguised as a learned lawyer.
Then she agreed to carry out the bond, but before Shylock was to cut off the pound of flesh, Portia told him that his property would be confiscated if he shed a drop of blood
Next Portia said the duke might inflict other punishment since Shylock plotted to kill a Venetian citizen.
In the end, Portia, by her courage and wisdom, had saved the life of Antonio.
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